{"id":87,"date":"2026-03-29T20:32:29","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T20:32:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pax-christi.ch\/?page_id=87"},"modified":"2026-06-04T18:25:33","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T18:25:33","slug":"glossar-des-pazifismus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pax-christi.ch\/fr\/glossar-des-pazifismus\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossaire du pacifisme"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le pacifisme englobe une grande diversit\u00e9 d\u2019approches \u00e9thiques, politiques et philosophiques qui rejettent fondamentalement la guerre et la violence organis\u00e9e ou cherchent \u00e0 les limiter strictement. Au c\u0153ur de cette r\u00e9flexion se trouve la question de savoir comment les conflits entre \u00c9tats et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9solus sans recours \u00e0 la force militaire. Les d\u00e9cisions de conscience individuelles, tout comme les institutions politiques et les cadres du droit international, y jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel. Pour Pax Christi, le message chr\u00e9tien de paix rev\u00eat \u00e9galement une importance particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce glossaire pr\u00e9sente et explique les notions cl\u00e9s du pacifisme et propose une br\u00e8ve introduction aux principaux enjeux du d\u00e9bat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Barbara Kruger, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao\/ES 2025 (Foto: M.-T. M\u00e4der)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capacit\u00e9 structurelle de non-agression
<\/strong>Concept selon lequel les forces arm\u00e9es sont organis\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9fensives, tout en \u00e9tant difficilement utilisables pour des guerres d\u2019agression. L\u2019objectif est de r\u00e9duire la m\u00e9fiance et les spirales d\u2019armement.\n
Complexe militaro-industriel
<\/strong>Imbrication entre les forces arm\u00e9es, les sph\u00e8res politiques et l\u2019industrie de l\u2019armement. Cette configuration peut engendrer des int\u00e9r\u00eats propres favorisant la poursuite de l\u2019armement.\n
Dignit\u00e9 humaine
<\/strong>\nPrincipe fondamental de l\u2019\u00e9thique moderne et des droits humains. Le respect de la dignit\u00e9 de chaque personne constitue une justification centrale de la pens\u00e9e pacifiste.\n
Dilemme de s\u00e9curit\u00e9
<\/strong>Situation dans laquelle l\u2019armement d\u2019un \u00c9tat est per\u00e7u par d\u2019autres comme une menace. Cela conduit \u00e0 un armement r\u00e9ciproque et \u00e0 une augmentation des risques de conflit.\n
Dissuasion nucl\u00e9aire
<\/strong>Strat\u00e9gie de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 cens\u00e9e pr\u00e9server la paix par la menace d\u2019une destruction mutuelle. La critique pacifiste y voit une logique moralement extr\u00eamement probl\u00e9matique et hautement risqu\u00e9e.\n
Droit international
<\/strong>Ensemble des normes juridiques qui r\u00e9gissent les relations entre les \u00c9tats et les autres acteurs internationaux. Du point de vue pacifiste, il constitue une tentative essentielle d\u2019ordonner les conflits internationaux par le droit plut\u00f4t que par la violence et de contenir la guerre sur les plans politique et juridique.\n
Gestion civile des conflits
<\/strong>Approche de la politique de paix visant \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre les conflits par des moyens non militaires. Cela inclut la diplomatie, la m\u00e9diation, la coop\u00e9ration internationale et le dialogue au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.\n
Pacifisme
<\/strong>Position \u00e9thique et politique qui rejette fondamentalement la guerre et la violence organis\u00e9e, ou qui cherche \u00e0 les limiter radicalement. Les conflits doivent \u00eatre pr\u00e9venus autant que possible ; s\u2019ils surviennent n\u00e9anmoins, ils doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9solus par le droit, la diplomatie, la coop\u00e9ration et la gestion civile des conflits.\n
Pacifisme institutionnel
<\/strong>Approche qui cherche \u00e0 garantir la paix par le droit international, la coop\u00e9ration et les institutions. Les Nations Unies ou les projets d\u2019int\u00e9gration r\u00e9gionale en sont des exemples.\n
Pacifisme relatif
<\/strong>Approche qui consid\u00e8re la guerre, en principe, comme un mal moral, sans toutefois exclure enti\u00e8rement la d\u00e9fense militaire dans des cas exceptionels. L\u2019objectif demeure une r\u00e9duction aussi large que possible de la violence militaire.\n
Paix non arm\u00e9e et d\u00e9sarmante
<\/strong>Conception de la paix fond\u00e9e sur la confiance, le dialogue et la r\u00e9conciliation plut\u00f4t que sur la puissance militaire. Il ne s\u2019agit pas seulement de mettre fin \u00e0 la violence, mais d\u2019en d\u00e9passer la logique m\u00eame.\n
R\u00e9conciliation
<\/strong>Processus de r\u00e9tablissement des relations apr\u00e8s des violences ou de graves injustices. La r\u00e9conciliation implique la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, la reconnaissance de la faute, la justice et la disposition au pardon.\n
Violence conservatrice du droit
<\/strong>Dans la th\u00e9orie politique, id\u00e9e selon laquelle la violence militaire \u00e9tatique pourrait \u00eatre l\u00e9gitime pour imposer ou d\u00e9fendre le droit ; les positions pacifistes mettent toutefois en garde contre le fait qu\u2019une telle violence peut elle aussi d\u00e9boucher facilement sur de nouvelles spirales de violence militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Literature<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ide, Tobias. Friedens- und Konfliktforschung<\/em>. UTB, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imbusch, Peter und Ralf Zoll. Friedens- und Konfliktforschung: Eine Einf\u00fchrung<\/em>. Friedens- und Konfliktforschung. VS Verlag f\u00fcr Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-531-92009-2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lambach, Daniel, Markus Bayer, Felix S. Bethke, Matteo Dressler und V\u00e9ronique Dudouet. Gewaltfreier Widerstand und demokratische Konsolidierung<\/em>. Springer International Publishing, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-26102-2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fchlbauer, Josef und Maximilian Lakitsch. Kritische Friedensforschung: Konzepte, Analysen & Diagnosen<\/em>. Mandelbaum Verlag, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simon, Katrin. Mahatma Gandhis Gewaltfreier Widerstand \u201eSatyagraha\u201c.<\/em>GRIN Verlag, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Der Pazifismus umfasst eine Vielzahl ethischer, politischer und philosophischer Ans\u00e4tze, die Krieg und organisierte Gewalt grunds\u00e4tzlich ablehnen oder stark begrenzen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-87","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nGlossar des Pazifismus - 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